فهم بدن زیسته در تجربۀ دوچرخه‌سواری شهری؛ مطالعۀ خودمردم‌نگارانه در آمستردام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استادیارگروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت و مدرس تهران

3 استادتمام حمل و نقل شهری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و رفتاری، دانشگاه آمستردام، هلند

چکیده

حرکت در شهر فقط یک فعالیت کارکردی برای انتقال از مبدأ به‌مقصد براساس دیدگاه مهندسی حمل‌ونقل نیست؛ بلکه کنشی سیال، چندوجهی و درهم‌تنیده است. این کنش با ویژگی‌های محیطی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و سیاسی زمینۀ شهری خود و در بستر زندگی روزمره و تجربه‌های زیستۀ متحرک افراد معنا می‌یابد. در حوزۀ مطالعات شهری و طراحی شهری، پژوهش‌هایی که به بررسی تجربه‌های زیستۀ افراد از شهر هنگام جابه‌جایی می‌پردازند، به‌عنوان جریان‌های پژوهشی نوظهوری شناخته می‌شوند که در تقاطع مطالعات شهری، انسان‌شناسی، پدیدارشناسی، طراحی شهری و مطالعات جابه‌جایی قرار دارند. در همین راستا، پژوهش حاضر قصد دارد فهم نقش بدن در تجربۀ زیستۀ دوچرخه‌سواری شهری را درزمینۀ‌ای مشخص و در ادامۀ خط مطالعات پدیدارشناسی حرکت و پدیدارشناسی بدن بررسی کند. پرسش اصلی پژوهش این است که بدن چه نقشی در تجربۀ زیستۀ دوچرخه‌سواری شهری در آمستردام دارد. این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از روش خودمردم‌نگاری متحرک، نقش و جایگاه بدن را در تجربۀ زیستۀ محقق (نویسندۀ اول) از دوچرخه‌سواری در بازه‌های زمانی مختلف در آمستردام، به‌عنوان شهری دوستدار دوچرخه توصیف و تحلیل کرده است. یافته‌های پژوهش شامل هفت مضمون اصلی، ازجمله «سیگنال‌های بدنی» و «تعامل روی زین» است که هرکدام از خلال توصیفات خودمردم‌نگارانه، جنبه‌هایی از درهم‌تنیدگی بدن، دوچرخه و محیط شهری در تجربۀ زیسته را تحلیل می‌کنند. مضامینی که نشان می‌دهد بدن به‌عنوان واسطۀ امکان تجربه، نقش فعالی در تجربۀ زیستۀ دوچرخه‌سواری شهری دارد و نحوۀ مواجهۀ فرد با فضا و خود و دیگران را شکل می‌دهد. این روابط متأثر از ویژگی‌های محیطی و اقلیمی، نظام برنامه‌ریزی حمل‌ونقل و شهرسازی، سویه‌های فرهنگی و قوانین و هنجارهای رسمی و غیررسمی و... منجر به تجارب زیستۀ متنوعی از این کنش در زمینه‌های شهری مختلف می‌شود. در پایان، این پژوهش پیشنهادهایی برای مطالعات آینده درزمینۀ طراحی شهری در ایران ارائه می‌دهد.

تازه های تحقیق

  • این پژوهش، تجربۀ زیستۀ بدنمند دوچرخه‌سواری شهری را از منظر پدیدارشناسی حرکت و بدن زیسته بررسی می‌کند.
  • این پژوهش از روش خودمردم‌نگاری متحرک، برای اولین‌بار با هدف کاوش تعاملات تجسم‌یافته بین بدن، دوچرخه و محیط شهری استفاده می‌کند.
  • نتایج نشان می‌دهد چگونه عادت‌های بدنی، استطاعت‌های محیطی و هنجارهای اجتماعی‌فرهنگی، تجربۀ دوچرخه‌سواری را به‌طور مشترک شکل می‌دهند.
  • این پژوهش، بینش‌هایی برای مطالعات آیندۀ طراحی شهری انسان‌محور در ایران ارائه می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Understanding the Lived Body in the Urban Cycling Experience: An Autoethnographic Study in Amsterdam

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Nazarpoor 1
  • Ehsan Ranjbar 2
  • Marco te Brömmelstroet 3
1 PhD Researcher, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran
3 Full Professor in Urban Mobility, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
چکیده [English]

Movement in the city is not merely a functional activity aimed at traveling from point A to point B, as conceived within transportation engineering. Rather, it is a fluid, multidimensional, and entangled practice that acquires meaning through its embeddedness in environmental, cultural, social, economic, and political contexts within the fabric of everyday life and through individuals’ lived mobile experiences.
In urban studies and urban design, research exploring individuals’ lived experiences of mobility in the city is an emerging field situated at the intersection of urbanism, anthropology, phenomenology, and mobility studies. From this perspective, inquiries into the lived experience of urban cycling address a fundamental question: how do individuals experience cycling in different urban contexts and spaces?
Within this framework, the present study seeks to understand and describe the role of the body in the lived experience of urban cycling in a specific urban context, continuing a line of inquiry in the phenomenology of movement and the phenomenology of the body. Using mobile autoethnography, the study examines the first author’s embodied experience of cycling in Amsterdam, a bicycle-friendly city, across different temporal and spatial conditions.
The findings reveal seven interrelated themes that, through autoethnographic description and analysis, illuminate the entanglement of the body, the bicycle, and the urban environment in lived experience. These themes demonstrate that the body, as the medium of experience, plays an active and constitutive role in shaping one’s interaction with space, self, and others. Such relations are mediated by environmental and climatic characteristics, mobility systems and planning policies, cultural dimensions, and both formal and informal norms, producing diverse lived experiences of urban cycling across different urban contexts. In the final section, this research provides recommendations for future Iranian urban design studies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phenomenology of movement
  • urban cycling lived experience
  • lived body
  • mobile autoethnography
  • Amsterdam

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 اسفند 1403
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