بازآفرینی شهری ادراک‌مبنا؛ تبیین مدل بازآفرینی شهری مبتنی بر ادراک محیطی در بافت‌های تاریخی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی- طراحی شهری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 دانشیار شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

4 استادیار شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

چکیده

بازآفرینی شهری به‌مثابۀ رویکردی کلیدی برای احیای بافت تاریخی شناخته می‌شود که با تأکید بر بعد ادراکی‌روان‌شناختی می‌تواند به حفظ هویت تاریخی‌فرهنگی هسته‌های تاریخی شهرها کمک ‌کند. ادراک محیطی نیز فرایندی مؤثر بر نحوۀ رخداد تعامل انسان و محیط در روند بازآفرینی بافت‌های تاریخی است. به‌نظر می‌رسد ادبیات طراحی شهری درزمینۀ بازآفرینی شهری مرتبط با مفهوم ادراک محیطی، نوعی شکاف تحقیقاتی دارد. پژوهش پیش ‌رو با هدف تبیین مدل بازآفرینی شهری مبتنی بر ادراک محیطی در بافت‌های تاریخی انجام شده است. به‌منظور دستیابی به مدل اولیه، ابتدا طی فرایندی مشخص با جست‌وجو در پایگاه‌های معتبر علمی داده، ۳۸ مطالعه انتخاب و محتوای آن‌ها درزمینۀ تم‌های مرتبط موضوعی بررسی شده است. پس از آن، با هدف تدقیق مدل اولیه مبتنی بر تکنیک دلفی در زمینه‌های طراحی شهری، مرمت شهری و روان‌شناسی محیطی، ابعاد، شاخص‌ها و چالش‌ها ارزیابی و چک‌لیستی برای تبیین مدل نهایی تدوین شده است. سپس با استفاده از روش آنتروپی‌شانون، شاخص‌های منتخب حلقه‌های دلفی وزن‌دهی شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهند مدل بازآفرینی شهری ادراک‌مبنا در بافت تاریخی در سه زمینۀ محیط، انسان و زمان با ده بعد محیطی، یک بعد انسانی و یک بعد زمانی پایه‌ریزی می‌شود. محیط به‌شکل عینی با ابعاد فرمی‌کالبدی، عملکردی، اجتماعی‌فرهنگی، زیست‌محیطی، اقتصادی و زیرساختی و به‌شکل ذهنی در سه بعد ادراک شناختی، احساسی و رفتاری تعریف می‌شود. انسان صرفاً با ویژگی‌های فردی تحت‌تأثیر دانش، انگیزه، حضور و تجربه و عامل زمان با لایه‌های گذر از تغییرات نقش اثربخشی دارد. تعیین اهمیت نسبی شاخص‌های منتخب نیز بیانگر این است که حس مکان، حس تعلق و دل‌بستگی مکانی در محیط ذهنی در درجۀ اول؛ مشارکت اجتماعی در محیط عینی، خوانایی و تصویرپذیری در محیط ذهنی و درنهایت محصوریت و مقیاس انسانی، تنوع فعالیتی و آسایش اقلیمی در محیط عینی در سطوح بعد به‌نسبت سایر شاخص‌ها درجۀ اهمیت بیشتری دارند.

تازه های تحقیق

  • مدل بازآفرینی شهری ادراک‌ مبنا در بافت تاریخی با زمینه‌های سه‌گانۀ محیط (عینی و ذهنی)، انسان و عامل زمان تبیین می‌شود.
  • شاخص‌های حس مکان، حس تعلق و دل‌بستگی مکانی برآمده از ادراک احساسی در محیط ذهنی، نقش ویژه‌تری به‌نسبت سایر شاخص‌ها در بازآفرینی شهری ادراک ‌مبنا ایفا می‌کنند.
  • طراحی شهری ادراکی مرتبط با بازآفرینی شهری غالباً در زمینه‌های حس مکان و دل‌بستگی مکانی‌اجتماعی، تصویرپذیری و خاطره‌انگیزی، رفاه ذهنی و ترمیم روانی مفهوم می‌یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Perception-Based Urban Regeneration; Conceptualizing an Environmental Perception-Oriented Model for Regeneration in Historical Urban Fabric

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Shahvaran 1
  • S. Hanieh Malekpoor 2
  • Maryam Roosta 3
  • Mohammadreza Bazregar 4
1 1- Ph.D. Candidate in Urban Planning & Design, Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 2- Ph.D. Candidate in Urban Planning & Design, Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Urban regeneration is recognized as a key approach for revitalizing historic fabrics, which- by emphasizing perceptual–psychological dimensions- can help preserve the historical–cultural identity of urban historical cores. Environmental perception is also a process that influences how human–environment interactions unfold within the regeneration of historic areas. It appears that the urban design literature related to urban regeneration lacks sufficient focus on the concept of environmental perception, indicating the existence of a research gap. The present study aims to conceptualize an environmental perception–based model for urban regeneration within historic fabrics. To achieve the initial model, 38 studies were selected through a defined process of data retrieval from reputable scientific databases, and their content was examined based on relevant thematic categories. Subsequently, in order to refine the initial model using the Delphi technique -within the fields of urban design, urban conservation, and environmental psychology- dimensions, indicators, and challenges were assessed, and a checklist for constructing the final model was formulated. The selected indicators from the Delphi rounds were then weighted using the Shannon entropy method. The findings indicate that the final perception-based urban regeneration model in historic contexts is structured around three domains- environment, human, and time- comprising ten environmental and human dimensions and one temporal dimension. The environment is defined objectively through the physical–formal, functional, socio-cultural, environmental, economic, and infrastructural dimensions, and subjectively through the cognitive, affective, and behavioral perceptual dimensions. The human dimension is influenced solely by individual characteristics shaped by knowledge, motivation, presence, and experience, while the time factor plays an effective role through layers of transitional change. The assessment of the relative importance of selected indicators further reveals that, within the subjective environment, sense of place, sense of belonging, and place attachment occupy the highest level of significance; social participation (within the objective environment), along with legibility and imageability (within the subjective environment), follow in the next level; and finally, enclosure and human scale, activity diversity, and climatic comfort (within the objective environment) hold comparatively higher importance among the remaining indicators.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Perception-Based Urban Regeneration
  • Environmental Perception
  • Urban Design
  • Historical Urban Fabric
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 28 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 15 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 16 دی 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 30 دی 1404