واکاوی نقش رشته طراحی شهری در توسعه حمل‌ونقل فعال: مروری انتقادی بر ادبیات موجود و دلالت‌هایی برای مطالعات طراحی شهری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

حمل‌ونقل فعال، پیاده‌روی و دوچرخه‌سواری شهری، به‌عنوان حوزه‌ای راهبردی و کلیدی در ارتقای حمل‌ونقل پایدار و گذار از خودرومحوری به انسان‌محوری شناخته می‌شود و در سال‌های اخیر نیز مورد توجه مطالعات جهانی و سیاست‌گذاری‌های شهری قرار گرفته است. بااین‌حال، در ادبیات رشتۀ طراحی شهری هنوز تصویر روشنی از چگونگی نقش آن در توسعۀ حمل‌ونقل فعال شکل نگرفته است و به نظر می‌رسد طراحی شهری به‌عنوان یک رشته و حرفۀ مستقل، در مقایسه با سایر حوزه‌ها و رشته‌های دیگر، همچون حمل‌ونقل، حوزۀ سلامت و علوم اجتماعی، کمتر توانسته بدنه‌ای متمایز و قابل شناسایی دربارۀ نقش خود در توسعۀ پیاده‌روی و دوچرخه‌سواری شهری به‌عنوان شیوه‌های مهم جابه‌جایی انسان‌محور تولید کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، صورت‌بندی نحوۀ مفهوم‌پردازی نقش طراحی شهری در توسعۀ حمل‌ونقل فعال است و دو پرسش اصلی را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد: «طراحی شهری به‌عنوان یک رشته و حرفۀ مستقل چه نقشی در توسعۀ حمل‌ونقل فعال دارد؟ چگونه می‌توان این نقش را در قالب تصویری جامع و یکپارچه صورت‌بندی کرد؟». با مرور ادبیات جهانی، در بازۀ زمانی ۲۰۰۰ تا ۲۰۲۵، دانش پراکندۀ موجود دربارۀ نقش و ارتباط طراحی شهری در توسعۀ حمل‌ونقل فعال بررسی و به‌صورت تحلیلی در قالب سه خوشۀ اصلی، «شبکه و کیفیت زیرساخت‌های فضایی-کالبدی»، «تجربه‌های ذهنی و عوامل ادراکی و رفتاری» و «سیاست‌گذاری، حکمرانی و مشارکت‌پذیری» برچسب‌گذاری و سازمان‌دهی شده است. در ادامه، مضامین، رویکردها و چالش‌های هر سه خوشه مورد بحث قرار گرفته‌اند و در انتها نیز در راستای شکل‌گیری و تقویت بدنۀ دانش مطالعات طراحی شهری ‌ایرانی در زمینۀ توسعۀ حمل‌ونقل فعال، محورهای اصلی پژوهش‌های آینده پیشنهاد و تشریح شده‌اند.

تازه های تحقیق

  • این پژوهش به صورت‌بندی نقش رشته طراحی شهری در توسعه حمل‌ونقل فعال می‌پردازد.
  • نتایج نشان می‌دهد طراحی شهری نیازمند توسعه دیدگاه‌های میان‌رشته‌ای و بازنگری در نظریه و عمل خود در ارتباط با حمل‌ونقل فعال است.
  • این پژوهش در راستای شکل‌گیری بدنه دانش جدید در این حوزه، محورهای مشخصی برای مطالعات طراحی شهری در ایران پیشنهاد می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Unpacking the Role of Urban Design in the Development of Active Mobility: A Critical Review of the Literature and Implications for Urban Design Studies in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Nazarpoor
PhD Researcher, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Active mobility is widely recognized as a strategic domain in advancing sustainable mobility and facilitating a transition from car-dominated to human-centered mobility. In recent years, it has therefore attracted growing attention in urban studies and urban policy-making. Nevertheless, within the literature of the urban design discipline, a clear and coherent account of how urban design contributes to the development of active mobility has yet to be articulated. Compared to related fields such as mobility studies, public health, and the social sciences, urban design, as an independent discipline and professional field, appears to have produced a less distinct and identifiable body of knowledge regarding its specific role in developing walking and cycling as key modes of human-centered mobility. The aim of this study is to conceptualize how the role of urban design in the development of active mobility has been framed in the literature. This paper addresses two main research questions: “What role does urban design, as an independent discipline and profession, play in the development of active mobility?” and “How can this role be articulated in the form of a comprehensive and integrated framework?” Drawing on a review of the literature published between 2000 and 2025, the fragmented body of knowledge on the relationship between urban design and active mobility is examined and analytically organized into three main clusters: “networks and quality of spatial–physical infrastructure,” “subjective experiences and perceptual and behavioral factors,” and “policy-making, governance, and participation.” The themes, approaches, and challenges associated with each cluster are then discussed. Finally, in order to contribute to the formation and strengthening of the knowledge base of Iranian urban design studies in the field of active mobility, key directions for future research are proposed and elaborated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban design
  • Active mobility
  • Walking
  • Cycling
  • Iranian urban design studies
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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 24 دی 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 30 دی 1404