تحلیل نقش مورفولوژی شهری بر آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز شهری در فصل گرم؛ نمونۀ موردی: محلۀ دهکدۀ المپیک و شهرک زیبادشت در منطقۀ ۲۲ تهران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه طراحی شهری، دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

با تشدید تغییرات اقلیمی و افزایش تنش‌های حرارتی در شهرها، تحلیل نقش مورفولوژی شهری در شکل‌دهی شرایط خُرداقلیمی و آسایش حرارتی فضاهای باز شهری به یکی از چالش‌های اساسی برنامه‌ریزی و طراحی شهری تبدیل شده است. هدف این پژوهش، تبیین نقش فعال و دینامیک ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک شهری در تولید الگوهای خُرداقلیمی و بررسی رابطۀ علّی و هم‌زمان میان شاخص‌های سه‌بعدی مورفولوژیک، متغیرهای خُرداقلیم و آسایش حرارتی کاربران در مقیاس محله است. پژوهش با رویکردی بین‌رشته‌ای و در چهارچوبی مفهومی‌تحلیلی سلسله‌مراتبی انجام شده است؛ بدین منظور از شبیه‌سازی عددی خُرداقلیم در نرم‌افزار ENVI-met به‌همراه تحلیل‌های فضایی کمی استفاده شده است. دو بافت شهری با مورفولوژی متفاوت در منطقۀ ۲۲ شهر تهران (دهکدۀ المپیک و زیبادشت) که از نظر الگوی هندسی، تراکم ساختمانی و پوشش گیاهی تمایز معناداری دارند، به‌عنوان نمونه‌های موردی انتخاب شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مورفولوژی شهری از طریق کنترل هم‌زمان تابش خورشیدی، تهویۀ طبیعی و تبادل حرارت و رطوبت، نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در شکل‌دهی شرایط خُرداقلیمی و تجربۀ حرارتی کاربران دارد. بافت‌ کم‌تراکم و کم‌ارتفاع دهکدۀ المپیک، به‌واسطۀ ضریب دید آسمان بالاتر، پیوستگی فضایی و حضور پوشش گیاهی، توزیع یکنواخت‌تر دما، تهویۀ پایدارتر و تعادل رطوبتی مناسب‌تری را فراهم می‌کنند. در مقابل، بافت‌ متراکم و بلندمرتبۀ زیبادشت، علی‌رغم سایه‌اندازی موضعی، به‌دلیل انسداد جریان هوا و محصوریت فضایی، مستعد ناهمگنی حرارتی و انباشت هم‌زمان گرما و رطوبت هستند. نتایج پژوهش تأکید می‌کند که آسایش حرارتی در فضاهای باز شهری، حاصل زنجیرۀ علّی چندسطحی و غیرخطی است که ریشه در منطق فضایی و کالبدی شهر دارد. این امر بر ضرورت ایجاد تعادل پویا میان تراکم، ارتفاع، هندسۀ معابر و جانمایی هدفمند پوشش گیاهی تأکید داشته و شبیه‌سازی خُرداقلیمی را به‌عنوان ابزاری مؤثر برای پشتیبانی از تصمیم‌گیری‌های طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی شهری در مواجهه با تنش‌های حرارتی معرفی می‌کند.

تازه های تحقیق

  • تدوین چهارچوب مفهومی موثر بر تعامل علّی و هم‌زمان شاخص‌های مورفولوژی شهری، خُرداقلیم و آسایش حرارتی
  • شبیه‌سازی کمّی تأثیر مورفولوژی شهری بر خُرداقلیم و آسایش حرارتی فضاهای شهری با نرم‌افزار ENVI-met
  • تأکید بر شبیه‌سازی خُرداقلیم به‌عنوان ابزار پشتیبانی از مداخلات طراحی شهری در برابر تنش‌های حرارتی

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Role of Urban Morphology in Thermal Comfort of Urban Open Spaces during the Hot Season; Case Study: Dehkadeh Olympic and Zibadasht Neighborhoods, District 22, Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • saeede alikaei 1
  • Mahdiyeh Rahaei 2
  • Mehrnoosh Arabzadeh Karbala 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Master's student, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

With the intensification of climate change and the growing thermal stress, analyzing the role of urban morphology in shaping microclimatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort has become a fundamental challenge of urban planning and design. The aim of research is to elucidate the active and dynamic role of urban morphological characteristics in generating microclimatic patterns and to examine the causal and simultaneous relationships between three-dimensional morphological indices, microclimatic variables, and users’ thermal comfort at the neighborhood scale. The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach within a hierarchical conceptual–analytical framework. To this end, numerical microclimate simulations using ENVI-met software were combined with quantitative spatial analyses. Two urban fabrics with distinct morphologies in District 22 of Tehran (Dehkadeh Olympic and Zibadasht), which exhibit significant differences in geometric configuration, building density, and vegetation cover, were selected as case studies. The findings indicate that urban morphology plays a decisive role in shaping microclimatic conditions and users’ thermal experience through the simultaneous control of solar radiation, natural ventilation, and heat and moisture exchange. The low-density, low-rise fabric of Dehkadeh Olympic, due to a higher sky view factor, spatial continuity, and the presence of vegetation, provides a more uniform temperature distribution, more stable ventilation, and a balanced humidity regime. In contrast, the dense, high-rise fabric of Zibadasht, despite localized shading, is prone to thermal heterogeneity and the accumulation of heat and moisture due to airflow obstruction and spatial enclosure. The results emphasize that thermal comfort in urban open spaces is the outcome of a multi-level, non-linear causal chain rooted in the spatial and physical logic of the city. This underscores the necessity of establishing a dynamic balance among density, building height, street geometry, and strategic vegetation placement, and highlights microclimatic simulation as an effective tool for supporting urban design decisions in response to thermal stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban morphology
  • Urban microclimate
  • Thermal comfort
  • ENVI met simulation

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 21 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 06 فروردین 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 31 خرداد 1405

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