The Impacts of Golden Ratios on Visual Aesthetics in the Historic City of Masouleh

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Graduate in Architecture, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Carpet, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The historic city of Masouleh, located in Gilan Province, is a prime example of the application of golden and geometric proportions in Iranian architecture, resulting in visual beauty and conveying spiritual concepts. This research investigates the effects of golden ratios on Masouleh's visual beauty, exploring the concepts that influenced its architectural patterns and the utilization of golden proportions in its structure.The research method is descriptive-analytical, using field studies and software like AutoCAD 2024, Atrise Golden Section 5.9.2, and PhiMatrix 1.618 to analyze the patterns and golden proportions present in Masouleh's architecture. The findings indicate that religious beliefs, respect for nature, climatic and structural needs, and the use of local materials are key factors shaping Masouleh's architectural design. Golden proportions, such as the golden circle, golden rectangle, golden spiral, and Khayyam-Pascal triangle, are extensively used in building designs and decorations.The results suggest that golden proportions create visual balance and harmony, establishing an appealing and sustainable rhythm in Masouleh's physical structure. These proportions also aid in the transmission of cultural and spiritual concepts through the design of openings, doors, and interior decorations such as religious and floral motifs. The alignment of Masouleh's stepped structure with the Fibonacci sequence and Khayyam-Pascal triangle demonstrates intelligence in harmonizing with environmental and climatic conditions, facilitating easy access in sloped terrains. Additionally, the examination of architectural decorations reveals that using small and large modules plays a significant role in creating local identity and adapting to indigenous materials.In conclusion, Masouleh's architectural structures successfully demonstrate harmony between nature, culture, and architecture. The integration of traditional and modern design principles offers a valuable model for contemporary architectural endeavors in similar regions, fostering a sustainable and culturally enriched built environment, ensuring that future designs respect and reflect the rich heritage and natural beauty of the area.

Highlights

  • Extensive Use of Golden Ratios in Masouleh's Architecture
  • Influence of Religious Beliefs and Respect for Nature on Architectural Formation
  • Alignment of Masouleh's Terraced Structure with the Fibonacci sequence
  • Transmission of Cultural and Spiritual Concepts through Architectural Decorations

Keywords

References

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Iranian Urban Design Studies
Volume 1, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
January 2025
Pages 211-242

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 September 2024
  • Revise Date: 05 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 02 December 2024
  • First Publish Date: 19 January 2025
  • Publish Date: 19 January 2025

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