Eco-friendly Landscape Design of an Urban Riverfront, Case study: Darakeh Riverfront in Tehran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MSc. Urban Design, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran, Tehran

2 MSc. Student of Urban Planning, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran University of Art, Iran, Tehran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.

4 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture (Landscape), Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

 In recent years, the degradation of urban aquatic ecosystems like Tehran's Darakeh River has become a critical issue, driven by rapid urbanization, pollution, and inadequate environmental oversight. This has resulted in the loss of native vegetation, removal of old trees, and significant disruption to the natural habitat in the Evin neighborhood. Responding to this urgency, this study proposes a nature-based and eco-friendly design approach for the ecological rehabilitation of the Darakeh riverfront. The research adopts an applied, multi-step methodology. It begins with a comprehensive literature review to identify general landscape design indicators for riverfronts. These are integrated with specific ecological and eco-friendly design principles relevant to the Iranian context. The synthesis forms a site-specific, ecologically-oriented design framework organized into four key dimensions: socio-economic, functional, form and visual character, and environmental. To objectively prioritize the proposed indicators within this framework, the study employs the SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method, a recognized multi-criteria decision-making tool.The resulting design model establishes several interconnected strategic goals. Ecologically, it focuses on restoring integrity by reviving native plant species and natural habitats. Functionally, it aims to enhance responsible accessibility and transportation infrastructure around the river. Culturally, it seeks to strengthen local identity by incorporating vernacular materials and design elements. Socially, the model promotes community interaction through carefully planned public spaces. Economically, it supports sustainable tourism development to revitalize the local economy through environmentally conscious planning. Ultimately, by merging ecological restoration with cultural and social revitalization, this study provides a replicable framework for urban riverfront rehabilitation. It highlights the necessity of interdisciplinary strategies to address complex urban environmental challenges and demonstrates the potential of nature-based solutions to create resilient, inclusive, and sustainable landscapes that harmonize ecological health with human well-being and economic vitality.

Highlights

  • In the ecological approach, key indicators were organized into a coherent framework.
  • Ecological design of riverfronts improves environmental performance and user experience quality.
  • Four key ecological design strategies: minimal intervention, social gardens, pedestrian-oriented access, and native vegetation.
  • The ecological model creates sustainable spaces along riverfronts and offers a practical method for design.

Keywords

References

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 November 2025
  • Revise Date: 23 January 2026
  • Accept Date: 07 February 2026
  • First Publish Date: 07 February 2026
  • Publish Date: 21 June 2026

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